African History

News of Verwoerd Assassination
<P><img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/africanhistory/1/0/0/O/News-Verwoerd-Assassination-300px.jpg" hspace="5" vspace="5" align="center" alt="News of Verwoerd Assassination © Hulton Archive / Getty Images" border="0"></p><p>Anti-Apartheid Protestors outside Lancaster House, London, read of the assassination of South African Prime Minster Hendrik Verwoerd on 6th September 1966.</p><p style="background:#f5f3ef;border:1px solid #d5d0bf;clear:both;padding:.5em;"><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/08/news-of-verwoerd-assassination.htm">News of Verwoerd Assassination</a> originally appeared on <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/">About.com African History</a> on Wednesday, September 8th, 2010 at 00:10:39.</p><p><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/08/news-of-verwoerd-assassination.htm">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/08/news-of-verwoerd-assassination.htm#gB3">Comment</a> | <a href="http://africanhistory.about.com/gi/pages/shareurl.htm?PG=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/08/news-of-verwoerd-assassination.htm&zItl=News of Verwoerd Assassination">Email this</a></p>

Tuesday's Term: Bantustan
<a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/od/glossarybb/g/defbantustan.htm">Bantustans</a> were created by Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd's Apartheid government under the <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu= http://africanhistory.about.com/od/apartheidlaws/g/No460f59.htm">Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act in 1959</a>, which transformed existing reserves into homelands for the eight different Black ethnic groups. It was intended that they would eventually become 'fully fledged independent' Bantustans, as part of Grand Apartheid's system of separate development.<p style="background:#f5f3ef;border:1px solid #d5d0bf;clear:both;padding:.5em;"><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/07/tuesdays-term-bantustan.htm">Tuesday's Term: Bantustan</a> originally appeared on <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/">About.com African History</a> on Tuesday, September 7th, 2010 at 00:10:04.</p><p><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/07/tuesdays-term-bantustan.htm">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/07/tuesdays-term-bantustan.htm#gB3">Comment</a> | <a href="http://africanhistory.about.com/gi/pages/shareurl.htm?PG=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/07/tuesdays-term-bantustan.htm&zItl=Tuesday's Term: Bantustan">Email this</a></p>

A Few Words From Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd ...
<blockquote>"<i>There is no place for [the Bantu] in the European community above the level of certain forms of labour ... What is the use of teaching the Bantu child mathematics when it cannot use it in practice? That is quite absurd. Education must train people in accordance with their opportunities in life, according to the sphere in which they live.</i>"</blockquote><p>Dr Hendrik Verwoerd, South African minister for native affairs (prime minister from 1958 to 66), speaking about his government's education policies in the 1950s. As quoted in <i>Apartheid - A History</i> by Brian Lapping, 1987.</p> <blockquote>"<i>We have a very fine position in South Africa, we've got land, we've got a country and we are obliged by the love commandment to provide exactly the same to black people.</i>"</blockquote><p>Dr Hendrik Verwoerd, South African Prime Minister, speaking to a congregation in a Cape Town church in the 1960s, according to Patti Waldmeir in her book <i>Anatomy of a Miracle: The End of Apartheid and the Birth of the New South Africa</i>, published by Viking, 1977.</p> <p style="background:#f5f3ef;border:1px solid #d5d0bf;clear:both;padding:.5em;"><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/06/a-few-words-from-hendrik-frensch-verwoerd.htm">A Few Words From Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd ...</a> originally appeared on <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/">About.com African History</a> on Monday, September 6th, 2010 at 10:52:05.</p><p><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/06/a-few-words-from-hendrik-frensch-verwoerd.htm">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/06/a-few-words-from-hendrik-frensch-verwoerd.htm#gB3">Comment</a> | <a href="http://africanhistory.about.com/gi/pages/shareurl.htm?PG=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/06/a-few-words-from-hendrik-frensch-verwoerd.htm&zItl=A Few Words From Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd ...">Email this</a></p>

Crowd Carrying Nyerere
<p><img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/africanhistory/1/0/x/N/Julius-Kambarage-Nyerere-1961-300px.jpg" hspace="5" vspace="5" align="center" alt="Julius Kambarage Nyerere is carried by crowd © Hulton Archive / Getty Images" border="0"></p><p>Tanzanian prime minister designate <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/od/biography/a/bio-Nyerere.htm">Julius Kambarage Nyerere</a> is carried on supporters' shoulders from Government House in Dar es Salaam during celebrations to mark Tanganyika's forthcoming independence (December 1961). </p><p>_{Image © Hulton Archive / Getty Images}</p><p style="background:#f5f3ef;border:1px solid #d5d0bf;clear:both;padding:.5em;"><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/01/crowd-carrying-nyerere.htm">Crowd Carrying Nyerere</a> originally appeared on <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/">About.com African History</a> on Wednesday, September 1st, 2010 at 09:39:54.</p><p><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/01/crowd-carrying-nyerere.htm">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/01/crowd-carrying-nyerere.htm#gB3">Comment</a> | <a href="http://africanhistory.about.com/gi/pages/shareurl.htm?PG=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/09/01/crowd-carrying-nyerere.htm&zItl=Crowd Carrying Nyerere">Email this</a></p>

Tuesday's Term: Ujamaa
<i><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/od/tanzania/a/What-Was-Ujamaa.htm">Ujamaa</a></i>, the Swahili for 'familyhood'. was the social and economic policy developed by <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/od/biography/a/bio-Nyerere.htm">Julius Kambarage Nyerere</a>, president of Tanzania from 1964 to 1985. Centered on collective agriculture, under a process called villagization, <i>ujamaa</i> also called for nationalization of banks and industry, and an increased level of self-reliance at both an individual and a national level.<p style="background:#f5f3ef;border:1px solid #d5d0bf;clear:both;padding:.5em;"><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/31/tuesdays-term-ujamaa.htm">Tuesday's Term: Ujamaa</a> originally appeared on <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/">About.com African History</a> on Tuesday, August 31st, 2010 at 00:10:35.</p><p><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/31/tuesdays-term-ujamaa.htm">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/31/tuesdays-term-ujamaa.htm#gB3">Comment</a> | <a href="http://africanhistory.about.com/gi/pages/shareurl.htm?PG=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/31/tuesdays-term-ujamaa.htm&zItl=Tuesday's Term: Ujamaa">Email this</a></p>

A Few Words From Julius Kambarage Nyerere …
<blockquote>"<i>The African is not 'Communistic' in his thinking; he is -- if I may coin an expression -- 'communitary'.</i>"</blockquote><p>Julius Kambarage Nyerere as quoted in the <i>New York Times Magazine</i> on 27 March 1960.</p> <blockquote>"<i>If real development is to take place, the people have to be involved.</i>"</blockquote><p>Julius Kambarage Nyerere, from his book <i>Uhuru na Maendeleo</i> (Freedom and Development), 1973.</p> <p style="background:#f5f3ef;border:1px solid #d5d0bf;clear:both;padding:.5em;"><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/30/a-few-words-from-julius-kambarage-nyerere-2.htm">A Few Words From Julius Kambarage Nyerere …</a> originally appeared on <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/">About.com African History</a> on Monday, August 30th, 2010 at 12:00:43.</p><p><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/30/a-few-words-from-julius-kambarage-nyerere-2.htm">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/30/a-few-words-from-julius-kambarage-nyerere-2.htm#gB3">Comment</a> | <a href="http://africanhistory.about.com/gi/pages/shareurl.htm?PG=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/30/a-few-words-from-julius-kambarage-nyerere-2.htm&zItl=A Few Words From Julius Kambarage Nyerere …">Email this</a></p>

This Day in African History -- Death of Cleopatra
On 30 August BCE, following the suicide (on the 12 August) of Antony who had been defeated by Octavian outside the city of Alexandria, Cleopatra VII, the last Pharaoh of Egypt, also commits suicide. The alternative was to face humiliation and captivity under Octavian's rule. Popular myth has it that Cleopatra died after being bitten by an asp, but there is no real evidence either way, and her body has never been discovered.<p style="background:#f5f3ef;border:1px solid #d5d0bf;clear:both;padding:.5em;"><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/30/this-day-in-african-history-death-of-cleopatra.htm">This Day in African History -- Death of Cleopatra</a> originally appeared on <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/">About.com African History</a> on Monday, August 30th, 2010 at 08:01:34.</p><p><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/30/this-day-in-african-history-death-of-cleopatra.htm">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/30/this-day-in-african-history-death-of-cleopatra.htm#gB3">Comment</a> | <a href="http://africanhistory.about.com/gi/pages/shareurl.htm?PG=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/30/this-day-in-african-history-death-of-cleopatra.htm&zItl=This Day in African History -- Death of Cleopatra">Email this</a></p>

Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, and Courtiers in National Dress
<p><img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/africanhistory/1/0/v/N/Haile-Selassie-I-300px.jpg" hspace="5" vspace="5" align="center" alt="Haile Selassie I and Courtiers in National Dress © Hulton Archive / Getty Images" border="0"></p><p>On the 25th of August 1935, Emperor Haile Selassie prepared his country for the worst: an invasion by Italy. Thirty-nine years before, the Abyssinian victory at <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu= http://africanhistory.about.com/library/timelines/bl-Timeline-BattleOfAdowa.htm ">Adowa</a>, when the forces under the command of Emperor Menelik II routed the Italian troops under General Oreste Baratieri, had saved the country from European colonization. This time they would not be so fortunate.</p> <p>^{Image © Hulton Archive / Getty Images}</p><p style="background:#f5f3ef;border:1px solid #d5d0bf;clear:both;padding:.5em;"><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/25/haile-selassie-i-emperor-of-ethiopia-and-courtiers-in-national-dress.htm">Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, and Courtiers in National Dress</a> originally appeared on <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/">About.com African History</a> on Wednesday, August 25th, 2010 at 00:10:24.</p><p><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/25/haile-selassie-i-emperor-of-ethiopia-and-courtiers-in-national-dress.htm">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/25/haile-selassie-i-emperor-of-ethiopia-and-courtiers-in-national-dress.htm#gB3">Comment</a> | <a href="http://africanhistory.about.com/gi/pages/shareurl.htm?PG=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/25/haile-selassie-i-emperor-of-ethiopia-and-courtiers-in-national-dress.htm&zItl=Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, and Courtiers in National Dress">Email this</a></p>

Tuesday's Term: Pan-Africanism
<p>Initially an anti-slavery and anti-colonial movement amongst black people of Africa and the Diaspora in the late nineteenth century, the aims of <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/od/politicalhistory/a/What-Is-Pan-Africanism.htm">Pan-Africanism</a> have evolved through the ensuing decades.</p> <p>Pan-Africanism has covered calls for African unity (both as a continent and as a people), nationalism, independence, political and economic cooperation, and historical and cultural awareness (especially for Afrocentric versus Eurocentric interpretations).</p> <p style="background:#f5f3ef;border:1px solid #d5d0bf;clear:both;padding:.5em;"><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/24/tuesdays-term-pan-africanism.htm">Tuesday's Term: Pan-Africanism</a> originally appeared on <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/">About.com African History</a> on Tuesday, August 24th, 2010 at 00:10:36.</p><p><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/24/tuesdays-term-pan-africanism.htm">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/24/tuesdays-term-pan-africanism.htm#gB3">Comment</a> | <a href="http://africanhistory.about.com/gi/pages/shareurl.htm?PG=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/24/tuesdays-term-pan-africanism.htm&zItl=Tuesday's Term: Pan-Africanism">Email this</a></p>

A Few Words From JE Casely Hayford ...
<blockquote>"<i>You may destroy a nation, but it is another thing to destroy the spirit of nationality.</i>"</blockquote> <p>From <i>Gold Coast Native Institutions With Thoughts Upon A Healthy Imperial Policy For The Gold Coast And Ashanti</i> by Casely Hayford, Pub Sweet and Maxwell, 1903.</p> <blockquote>"<i>Africa [is] the cradle of the world's systems and philosophies and the nursing mother of its religions.</i>"</blockquote> <p>From <i>Ethiopia Unbound: Studies in Race Emancipation</i> by JE Casely Hayford, London, 1911.</p><p style="background:#f5f3ef;border:1px solid #d5d0bf;clear:both;padding:.5em;"><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/23/a-few-words-from-je-casely-hayford.htm">A Few Words From JE Casely Hayford ...</a> originally appeared on <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/">About.com African History</a> on Monday, August 23rd, 2010 at 06:00:04.</p><p><a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/23/a-few-words-from-je-casely-hayford.htm">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/1hc&zu=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/23/a-few-words-from-je-casely-hayford.htm#gB3">Comment</a> | <a href="http://africanhistory.about.com/gi/pages/shareurl.htm?PG=http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2010/08/23/a-few-words-from-je-casely-hayford.htm&zItl=A Few Words From JE Casely Hayford ...">Email this</a></p>